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October 7, 2008
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The episode of the two greatest commandments is reported to us by Matthew in a context of a disputation in which the hidden intentions of Jesus' interlocutors are laid bare. Little do the Pharisees know that as they test Jesus, they are being judged. In the question of the scribe we find an academic question: how does one come up with a framework that brings together all 613 precepts of the Law in a simplified way? The expected answer was the Shema. Jesus gives the expected answer but adds a second one, the one that the Pharisees have been neglecting. Read this article and use the following for your guide.
The episode about the two greatest commandments appears in all Synoptic gospels in different contexts. In Mark and Matthew, it appears within a a series of disputations with the power groups of Jerusalem. In Luke, it appears in the context of Jesus' journey towards Jerusalem and introduces the parable about the Good Samaritan. Matthew follows the outline of Mark in presenting the episode. The Pharisees are out to "test" Jesus. In Matthew's gospel, this has been happening since the time Jesus heals a man with a withered hand in a synagogue (Matthew 12:14). The resolve then was to "destroy" Jesus (12:14). Since then, Matthew presents the question about a sign (16:1-4) and the question about divorce (19:1-12) as specific examples by which the Pharisees carry out their plan. After Jesus' entry into Jerusalem and the commotion he causes in the Temple, he is approached first by chief priests and elders who ask him about his authority, then by students and Pharisees and Herodians (22:15-22), Sadducees (22:23-33) and finally by the Pharisees themselves.

